European Congress on
Immunology

Biography:

Has her expertise in evaluation Leishmaniasis. She  works with conserved domain from the L. braziliensis NTPDase wich is an important target for inhibitor design and the potential application of these biomolecules in experimental protocols of disease control (Porcino et al, 2012).   She has evaluation of methods for detection of asymptomatic individuals infected with Leishmania infantum in the state of Piaui, Brazil (Porcino et al, 2019). The association of different techniques can detect asymptomatic infections in areas endemic for Visceral Leishmaniasis. She has looking for difference in N-glycans profile of Fc portion of IgG between individuals from endemic area to Leishmania infantum, asymptomatic and patients.

Abstract:

Statement of the Problem: Humoral immune response is detrimental in the pathogenesis of L. infantum in dogs, and antibody titer correlates with more severe clinical signs of the disease. Studies correlate IgG subclass and symptomatology to disease, but IgG N-glycosylation is poorly explored. Changes in the glycosylation profile may promote proinflammatory or antiinflammatory responses, depending on which glycan is altered (fucose, mannose, galactose, and sialic acid). It has been shown by the group that the IgG glycosylation profile changes in humans infected with L. infantum. However, the glycosylation profile in humans and dogs is different, and dogs have a higher amount of fucose. Our objective was to evaluate whether there is a difference in the fucosylation profile in the IgG Fc portion of specific anti-Leishmania antibodies to understand the pathogenesis. Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: We used Enzyme-Linked Lectin Assay (ELLA) with L. infantum antigens treated with different enzymes (a1-2, 4, 6 fucosidase O (New England BioLabs®), IgGZERO LE (Genovis®) and PNGase F (New England BioLabs®)) to deglycosylation glycan residues and compare antibody titers to those found in the ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) from 45 dogs serum samples (15 symptomatic, 15 asymptomatic and 15 uninfected) provided by prof. Roque Pacheco de Almeida, Universidade Federal de Sergipe. Western blotting was performed to confirm the deglycosylation of antigen. Findings: L. infantum promastigote in the metacyclic phase shows fucose residues, and PNGase F may be an option for antigen deglicosylation. The symptomatic and asymptomatic groups had statistically higher antibody titers compared to the control group. The serology of symptomatic, asymptomatic and controls dogs did not differ regarding the amount of fucose in different antigens under the conditions employed. Conclusion & Significance: PNGase F should be used in antigen deglicosylation in different concentrations and more tests are necessary to see the difference in fucosylation profile in the Fc portion of IgG for specific anti-Leishmania antibodies.

Biography:

Jean holds the title of Biotechnologist from the Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná (PUC-PR), where he worked with in vitro analysis of Campomanesia xanthocarpa extract in cell activation in HUVECs and THP-1 strains and is a collaborator to investigate biogenesis. of circular RNA in humans. The student presents knowledge involving tools and techniques of genetic engineering and immunometabolism, such as CRISPR-Cas9 and Seahorse technologies. He is currently pursuing a master’s degree in Immunology on the “Role of sirtuin 1 in the phenotype and function of dendritic cells in the context of organ transplantation in obese animals”, at the Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB IV), University of São Paulo (USP). Most recently, he is conducting an internship program at Lausanne University in Switzerland and is also active in humanitarian activities teaching guitar and informatics to special students.

Abstract:

Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is a class 3 histone deacetylase (HDAC3) that acts primarily by regulating T cell differentiation, proliferation and activation, therefore disable transcriptions of genes in dendritc cells (DCs) that are important for T cell activation and differentiation of effector cells in graft rejection and in other chronic inflammatory processes like obesity. Therefore, our hypothesis that the obesity influences the differential expression of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) in DCs, changing its phenotype and function, and thus T cell activation, exacerbating the allograft immune response. Thus, our goal was to specifically investigate the role of SIRT1 in the function, phenotype and the implications on DCs metabolism, and if it can affect T cell functions in the context of skin transplantation in obese animals. We saw the impact of absence of SIRT1 in the mitochondrial metabolism of DCs (by Seahorse technology) in animals with specific deletion of SIRT1 gene in DCs (CD11cCreSIRT1flox/flox). In addtion, we observed after treatment with a SIRT1 agonist (resveratrol, 50 nM) in bone marrow-derived DC (BMDCs) incresead of protein expression of TGF-β, IDO and the decreased of costimulatory molecules (CD40, CD80, CD86) with parallel induction of SIRT1. In a hyperlipid diet-induced obesity (HFD) mode plus tranplantation, we observed that DCs from obese animals and with skin graft had the most lower SIRT1 expression and this led to a more pro-inflamatory profile as well as less glycolytic metabolic profile and relation with tryptophan metabolism, which is characteristic of a DC tolerance according to the literature. Based on the results obtained so far, we can suggest that increased expression of SIRT1 by resveratrol treatment leads to a more tolerogenic profile in BMDCs and DC, which may influence CD4+ T cell proliferation and polarization and consequently an improvement in the graft acceptance in obesity.

Biography:

Abstract:

Intentional and accidentally exposure of high dose ionizing radiation results in short and long term effects in biological system. Immune cells are vulnerable to radiation induced cell death in mature lymphocytes and precursor of monocyte and granulocyte in bone marrow . Depletion of mature immune cells, which together defend against microbial invasion leads to the massive cell death from the infection. Need to development of immunomodulatory drug to accelerate the recovery of immune system after radiation exposure. Our aim is to study the immunomodulatory role of sesamol after radiation induced immunosuppression.

Methods: C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 7.5 Gy of whole body irradiation (Co⁶⁰Ƴ-irradiation source) and sesamol was orally administered 30min prior to irradiation. Mice were sacrificed on Day 1 and 14 after radiation exposure and isolate all lymphoid organ. Proliferation of bone marrow derived mononuclear and stem cells were analysed by flowcytometry. Expression of cell surface marker of Th and Tc cells was measured in blood and spleen cells.  Activation of peritoneal macrophages was analysed by morphological observation and cell surface marker of MHC I and MHC II. Expression of anti-inflammatory protein was observed in intestine

Results: Pre-administration of sesamol reduced the genotoxicity in bone marrow and spleen cells and maintained organ index. Sesamol balance the T cell homeostasis in peripheral blood and spleenocyte cells by ameliorate the proliferation of the myeloid stem cell in bone marrow.it  reduced the activation of M2 type of macrophages and expression of  MHC protein which directly impact on downregulating and secretory anti-inflammatory protein COX-2 , INOS and IL-6 in intestine. Collectively, these findings demonstrated immunomodulatory role of Sesamol for maintaining the homeostasis of the immune system after radiation exposure.

Biography:

Kristyn Carter began her work of musculoskeletal disease during her master’s thesis at the University of Glasgow under Mr. Neal Millar, in the Tendon Biology Group. She is now continuing her work as a PhD student in the Tendon Biology Group aiming to understand underlying immune mechanisms in Dupuytren’s disease.

Abstract:

Dupuytren’s disease (DD) is a fibroproliferative disease that is the result of the palmar tissue thickening, causing the fingers to curl inward. Dupuytren’s disease is commonly presented by men, of European descent, that are 65 years or older. In the United states, there are 3 cases per 10,000 and in the United Kingdom, there are 3 cases per 100,000. This disease is usually not reported as many people don’t know they have the disease or do not care to undergo treatment because post-operative results have shown the disease recurs during the individual’s lifetime.

Early stage DD presents as a nodule and progresses into a thickened cord causing the fourth and pinky finger to curl inwards. The etiology of the disease has not been sourced to a single factor; however, it has been suggested that labor intensive professions, diabetes, smoking, and drinking lead to higher chances of developing DD. Dupuytren’s disease tissue, characterized by thickened palmar tissue and the formation of nodules and a cord, is a model of tissue fibrosis and chronic inflammation. The development of the symptoms-nodules and cord- are the result of excess production of extracellular matrix (ECM) components.

This study will assess the presence of stromal activation markers, identified by previous literature, in Dupuytren’s tissue. Additionally, we aim to characterize the immune cell population within Dupuytren’s. We hypothesize that Dupuytren’s disease tissue will express stromal activation markers and demonstrate an excess of immune cell phenotype-both of which contribute to the persistence of the disease.

Biography:

Dr Christine Bourgeois has her expertise in the characterization of T cell immune responses. Her research activities currently focus on the regulation processes affecting T cell responses notably in the context of chronic infections (including Treg mediated suppression, exhaustion, senescence). These studies are developed both in clinical context (ageing, HIV infection) but also in various experimental animal models (mice, non-human primates, humanized mice, humans). The current focus of her group is the evaluation of local and systemic pathways regulating immune T cell responses. Because chronic infection may highly rely on the immune responses developing specifically in lymphoid but also at reservoir site, our work includes studies on the migratory profile of CD8 T cells in the blood and studies of the immune potential of adipose tissue that has been identified as a reservoir site for HIV infection.

Abstract:

Statement of the Problem: Among HIV-infected patients, a rare proportion of patients (<0.5%) are able to spontaneously control the virus, in the absence of antiretroviral treatment (ART). Numerous studies aim to decipher the crucial difference in the immune responses developing in these HIV-controllers (HIC) patients. Memory differentiation, cytotoxic function, exhaustion and senescence profile of the T cell compartment in the various groups of patients have been evaluated. Recent publications demonstrate the importance of the migratory phenotype to identify crucial CD8 T cell responses in the context of chronic infection. The objective of the study was to readdress the functional activity of CD8 T cell in HIV infection by evaluating the chemokine receptor expression. The aim was to determine whether HIC patients might differ from ART-treated patients when considering CD8 T cell migratory properties. Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: 37 HIV-infected patients including HIC or ART patients and 15 healthy subjects were studied. The expression of CXCR3, CXCR5 and CX3CR1 was evaluated in combination with standard markers of T cell memory differentiation (CCR7 (and CD62L), CD45RO, CD27, CD28) and exhaustion (PD-1, TIGIT). Flow cytometry was performed on fresh whole blood samples. Findings: When performing tSNE analyses, we observed that the central memory (Tcm) CD8 T cell compartment included highly heterogeneous clusters. The analyses of diverse chemokine receptors confirmed this heterogeneity in particular among CXCR3, CXCR5 or CXCR3/CXCR5 coexpressing cells. HIV infected patients, both HIC and ART, exhibited a higher fraction of CXCR3+/CXCR5+ cells among Tcm than HD. Interestingly, HIC patients exhibited lower proportion of CXCR3+/CXCR5- among Tcm than ART patients. Conclusion & Significance: The difference in the expression of chemokine receptors on Tcm CD8 T cells in HIC versus ART patients may reflect different homing properties and may directly impact the quality of CD8 T cell responses.

Biography:

Dr. Rodrigo Vismari de Oliveira is a pathologist physician, experimented in General Surgical Pathology. As the immunohistochemistry is a valuable tool to classify the tumors, to determine its prognosis and to determine possible predictive therapeutic response targets, he focused his research on an easily applicable technique, with routinely use in the laboratory of Anatomic Pathology. The choice to perform immunohistochemistry on tumor microarrays was based on the tendency of small size surgical specimens obtained from routine biopsies.                                                             

Abstract:

Background: Experimental evidence from the last two decades supports the existence of a special type of neoplastic cell with stem-like features (so-called cancer stem cell/CSC) and their role in the pathophysiology and therapeutic resistance of mammary cancer. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is an eligible method to detect CSC in paraffinized tissue. Despite of being a low sensitive method, the detection of some of the putative CSC markers by IHC may be of prognostic/predictive relevance in human breast cancer. Methodology: An immunohistochemistry panel of 10 putative CSC markers (CD34, C-KIT, CD10, SOX-2, OCT 3/4, p63, CD24, CD44, CD133 and ESA/EPCAM) was applied to 74 cases of breast cancer, previously diagnosed, treated and followed in a Regional Cancer Center of Minas Gerais State, Brazil, from 2004 to 2006. Possible associations between CSC markers and classic variables of clinical/pathological relevance were investigated. Findings: 85.1% of the cases were positive for at least 1 antibody, with an average of 2 positive antibodies for case. The CSC profiles 1 (CD24−/CD44+) and 2 (CD133+/ESA+) were positive, respectively, in 52.7% and in 17.6% of the cases The others putative CSC markers were positive in <15% of the cases. Positivity to CSC-1 profile was significantly associated to: tumors lower than 2.0 cm (p=0.039); early clinical stages (p=0.032); patients > 40 years-old (p= 0.022) and increased death risk of 4X (p=0.03; 95% CI, 1.09-14.41). Positivity to CSC-2 profile was related to an increased in tumor relapse risk of 3.75X (IC95%=1.02-13.69; p=0.04). Conclusions: Two CSC immunohistochemical profiles (CD24−/CD44+ and CD133+/ESA+) were respectively attested by the negative impact on overall survival and free of disease survival. The absence of associations with known prognostic factors strengthens these CSC profiles as independent prognostic factors in breast cancer in this study. The CSC may become an important therapeutic target in the future.

Biography:

Abstract:

B7 homologue 6 (B7-H6) is a ligand for the NK cell activating receptor NKp30. Current research suggests that this ligand is selectively expressed on several cancer types including melanoma, prostate and cervical cancer, thus making it an important molecule to be studied further. It is known that B7H6 binding to NKp30 results in NK cell mediated cytotoxic killing of B7H6–expressing tumor cells. However, it is also interesting to note that the intracytoplasmic domain of B7H6 contains an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) along with Src homology 2 (SH2) and src homology 3 (SH3) motifs, suggesting that this ligand may be involved in intracellular inhibitory signalling pathways. To investigate this idea, we stimulated B7H6 positive tumor cell lines with recombinant soluble NKp30 receptor, and evaluated possible inhibitory effects using the impedance RTCA system for cell proliferation, the scratch method for cell migration, and cytometry for apoptosis. As this B7H6 ligand is novel, we also tested the sensitivity of this ligand by detachment of the cells using EDTA, Accutase and triple express. Notably, we observed that use of EDTA and triplex for cell detachment gives the higher expression as compared to cell detachment with accutase. Also, we found that the sNKp30:B7H6 interaction significantly decreased tumor cell proliferation, migration rate and has no effect on apoptosis. We also showed an elevated level of soluble B7H6 in the cell supernatant, which may be a strategy of escaping NK cell mediated recognition and activation. In conclusion, we find that the ligand B7H6 may have a previously unknown inhibitory effect on tumor cells and may prove as an interesting target for cancer therapy.

Biography:

Radiation induced oxidative stress is the sole determinant of damage to the hematopoietic, gastrointestinal system and immune system suppression causing immunodeficiency.  Radiation induced apoptosis in normal cells is one of the limiting factors in radiation therapy. Therefore, the development of drugs that can serve to protect normal tissue from radiation during radiation therapy is the need of the hour. The nuclear receptors known as peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARG) are lipid-activated transcription factors that have emerged as key regulators of inflammation. PPARG is involvement in the reduction of oxidative stress, inflammation and associated immune response. In the present study, the role of PPARG agonist has been evaluated in vitro and in vivo in the normal system during radiation exposed conditions. A dose of 10mg/kg PPAR agonist was administered prior to radiation and has shown protection of C57BL/6 mice from a lethal dose of irradiation. The protective role of PPARG was also assessed in vitro in RAW264.7 where the PPARG agonist has shown radio protective effect at LD50 dose of radiation. The acute radiation syndrome which includes Gastrointestinal (GI) as well as hematopoietic damage was also attenuated with the administration of the PPAR agonist. Therefore, we propose that PPAR gamma agonist have great potential as radio protective agents through combating with immunodeficiency caused by radiation. Cytokines serve as an immunomodulatory agent that regulates innate and adaptive inflammatory responses. The development of recombinant cytokines has made it possible to investigate their role in radiation exposed conditions and for other therapeutic purposes. In the present study, we have assessed the role of IL-2 during radiation exposed conditions in vitro and in vivo. IL-2 has shown to protect mice from a lethal dose of irradiation through immunomodulation.

Abstract:

Biography:

I am PhD candidate of Molecular Medicine. My field of study is liver and gastrointestinal. These days using Radioneacluide therapy for treatment of cancers are common, so based on my interest I'm working on my PhD thesis at Royan institute as: "Evaluation of 188Re-HDD Lipiodol Hydrogel as a new radioisotope for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma". Assessments include of In-Vitro and In-Vivo evaluations. I also graduated from Tehran University of Medical Sciences. My educational and practice-based background has trained me in Medical Sciences. Many of my courses were related to new diagnostic methods and microscopic practices in medical laboratory diagnosis.

Abstract:

Liver cancer is responsible for the sixth common diagnosed cancer worldwide and forth causes of cancer death. Based on stages of HCC at the time of diagnosis, therapeutic options are limited and mostly end with treatment failure, recurrence, or poor prognosis. Radio immunotherapy (RIT) illustrates a selective internal radiation therapy by means of beta or alpha emitting radioisotopes conjugated with tumor-specific monoclonal antibodies, fragments, or peptides. Selected radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies can present high therapeutic radiation dose to cancerous cells while decreasing the exposure of healthy tissues by specific interaction to cancer-associated antigens on surface of tumor cells. Developments in cancer immunotherapy such as blockade of immunologic checkpoint has changed the landscape of cancer therapy, and clinical efficacy of several classes of immunotherapy has been tested in clinical trials. Taking into the account of the immune inhibitor agents operating in the liver tumor microenvironment—combination therapies of different approaches might be influenced for achieving the best clinical results

Biography:

Professor & Head, Microbiology Department, PIMSR, Parul University, Vadodara. 

Abstract:

Individuals with HIV infection are at increased risk for tuberculosis (TB) and other respiratory tract infections. Infection with TB enhances replication of  HIV and may accelerate the progression of HIV  to AIDS, with rapid fall in CD4 count. CD4 count fall had been observed both in HIV positive as well as HIV negative patients of TB. Aim: Emphasizing the pivotal role of cART and ATT in TB/HIV patients in maintaining their immune system effective (by maintaining CD4 count) and thus decreasing MDR/XDR, morbidity and mortality among  these patients. Calculating average mean CD4 count  for  Indian scenario  in cART era. Material and methods: All the 961 HIV infected patients early morning sputa  were screened for AFB and few of the samples were even cultured on LJ medium.  All patients’ CD4 count were also evaluated by flow cytomerty method within one week of sputa collection. Seven other published work of HIV/TB patients were analyzed  in relation to CD4 count. Moreover other five published research  on  CD4 in TB+ve/HIV-ve  patients  were also discussed in this article. Results: Out of  961 patients with  HIV/RTI ,  308(32.06%) found positive for tuberculosis with  mean CD4 count  found to be 198.5 and 105.9 cells/μl  for pulmonary  TB  and for extra-pulmonary TB respectively in present study. The average mean CD4 count  from seven research studies from India  were found to be 169.75  and 145.3 cells/μl  for pulmonary and extra-pulmonary TB respectively, in TB/HIV co-infected patients on  cART.  Brenda et al.(1997)  and other four  found that  in advanced/sever  TB but HIV-negative  patients mean CD4 count found to be 341+116 .Conclusion: HAART  and ATT both are equally important in maintaining immune system(maintaining CD4 count)  of TB/HIV co-infected patients. In India, clinician should  more suspect  for TB at around   mean CD4 count of  169.75  even if found negative by AFB staining for, but should be confirmed  by culture on LJ medium, PCR or by any other Latest technique   in HIV-positive patients.

cART= combined Antiretroviral Treatment

ATT= anti Tubercle Treatment

Key Words:- Tuberculosis, HIV, CD4, ART

Biography:

I am Asif Shahriar and I am BSc final year student from Department of Microbiology at Stamford University, Bangladesh

I am a microbiologist with extensive laboratory experience, particularly in the

field of Clinical Microbiology the identification and function of model

organisms. I  have published 2  Research Articles in reputed journals. I am the First Author and Md. Emam Hasan is the 2nd Author. We worked hard to finish the Project together. And Talha Bin Emran is our corresponding author, he has helped us to the entire project.

Abstract:

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common bacterial infection encountered worldntswide and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. are the common bacterial pathogens that cause UTIs. The bacterial pathogens show resistance to most prescribed antibiotics to combat a variety of UTI infections. The present study was undertaken to investigate the biofilm forming ability, antibiotic susceptibility patterns and extended spectrum β lactamase (ESBL) production of seven uropathogenic isolates comprising both Escherichia coli and Klebsiella. pneumoniae. The strains were found to be multidrug resistant. The antimicrobial susceptibility profiles obtained in this study showed that the most active drug gentamicin, amikacin and imipenem (100% sensitivity) followed by Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (85% sensitivity), Co-Trimoxazole, ciprofloxacin (57% sensitivity) ceftazidime and kanamycin (50% sensitivity). All the isolates showed resistance to amoxicillin followed by ceftriaxone and cefotaxime (71% resistance). The scenario gets more complicated due to production of ESBL by five isolates (three E.coli isolates, and two K. pneumoniae). The isolates were also able to form biofilm as tested on congo red agar medium and by microtiter plate assay. The findings of the study indicate that the emergence and rapid spread of such multidrug resistant pathogens are of great concern. Early detection of ESBL producing pathogen is of paramount clinical importance, therefore strict infection control practices as well as therapeutic guidance for confirmed infection can be rapidly initiated.