Track Categories
The track category is the heading under which your abstract will be reviewed and later published in the conference printed matters if accepted. During the submission process, you will be asked to select one track category for your abstract.
The healthcare sector consists of businesses that provide medical services, manufacture medical equipment or drugs, provide medical insurance, or otherwise facilitate the provision of healthcare to patients. conomically, healthcare markets are marked by a few distinct factors. Government intervention in healthcare markets and activities is pervasive, in part due to some of these economic factors. Demand for healthcare services is highly price inelastic. Consumers and producers face inherent uncertainties regarding needs, outcomes, and the costs of services. Patients, providers, and other industry players possess widely asymmetric information and principal-agent problems are ubiquitous. The healthcare sector contains a diverse array of industries, with activities ranging from research to manufacturing to facilities management.
Immunology is the analysis of the immune system and it is significant in the medical and biological sciences. The immune system shields us from infection through various lines of defense. If the system is not functioning as it should, then it will result in diseases, such as autoimmunity, allergy and cancer. The immune response is not only the response of the organism to antigen stimulation, but also a biological process of recognizing and eliminating antigenic substances. Most of the elements of the immune system are cellular in origin and not related to any specific organ, but they are embedded or circulated in various tissues located throughout the body. Immunology has applications in countless medical disciplines, especially in the fields of organ transplantation, oncology, Rheumatology, virology, bacteriology, Parasitology, and dermatology.
Allergic inflammation is the outcome of a complex interplay among the structural tissues and inflammatory cells, including mast cells, basophils, lymphocytes, dendritic cells, eosinophils, and sometimes, neutrophils. Allergic inflammation is a medical condition which includes allergic asthma, atopic dermatitis, and several other ocular allergic diseases. Allergic reactions can generally be divided into two components, namely the early phase reaction and the late phase reaction. While the offering for the development of symptoms from each phase gets varies between diseases, both the phases are usually present and provide us with a framework for understanding the allergic disease.
Immunohistochemistry is the most common application of immunostaining. It involves the process of particularly identifying antigens in cells of a tissue section by exploiting the principles of antibodies binding especially to antigens in biological tissues. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) matters, much of monoclonal as well as polyclonal antibodies to determine the tissue distribution of an antigen of interest in health and diseases. IHC plays a significant role in pathology, particularly in the subspecialties of oncologic pathology, neuropathology, and Hematopathology. IHC involves specific antigen-antibody interaction, it has an observable lead over historically used staining methods that identify only a less number of proteins, enzymes, and tissue structures. Therefore, IHC has become a crucial technique and is used in many medical kinds of research as well as clinical diagnostics.
Reproductive immunology refers to a field of medicine that studies relations between the immune cells and organs related to the reproductive system growth and development medicines help in the maternal immune tolerance towards the fetus or immunological interactions across the blood-testis barrier. And also clinical studies of fertility problems, recurrent miscarriages and pregnancy complications. The central creed in reproductive immunology is that there is an active maternal immune recognition of pregnancy that leads to cellular, an antibody or cytokine responses which protect the fetal allograft. Taking antibody responses first, there has been much evidence that so-called blocking antibodies, which impair in vitro lymphocyte response assays can be found in normal pregnancy sera and placental eluates. However, the data often are not convinced that these systemic effects can always be ascribed to the specific antibody, rather than other serum factors, and that they occur in all successful pregnancies.
The medicines deal with the care and repair of pulmonary organs by secretion of secretory A immunoglobulins & contrast in the alveolar zones. There are macrophages and lymphocytes, which are present in the alveolar lumen or in the pulmonary interstitial tissue. Knowledge of pulmonary immunology is essential to the understanding of certain respiratory diseases. The airways and alveolar zones may be seen separately and in contrast on the basis of the immune system of the lung. In general, there are mast cells, polynuclear eosinophil and lymphocytes within the airways.
The baby, whether premature or of fetal age, maybe a distinctive host from associate degree medical specialist perspective. Many elements of the system operate less well in neonates compared with adults, giving rise to the conception of associate degree "immunodeficiency of immatureness." The adaptive significance of those alterations for neonatal survival remains obscure. This review highlights several distinguished quantitative and qualitative variations between baby and adult immune systems. From a clinical point of view, the foremost vital variations seem to be reduced within the accessible bone marrow reserve of WBC precursors, reduction in humor complements activity, decreased ability to supply antibodies against microorganism polyose antigens, associate degrees, inflated the proportion of T lymphocytes bearing an antigenically "naive" cell surface constitution and a correspondingly naive purposeful program.
Tumor immunology refers to the interaction of immune cells with cancer cells. T cells and natural killer cells are involved in tumor immunosurveillance. Tumor immunology is a collaborative branch of biology that is concerned with the role of the immune system in the advancement and evolution of cancer; the familiar application is cancer immunotherapy, which utilizes the immune system as a treatment for cancer. Within the tumor microenvironment, a broad spectrum of host responses may be generated, which may range from protective cytotoxic reactions to the tumor-promoting inflammatory reactions. The specific factors that dictate the outcome of the anti-cancer response remains under active study, but tumor cells typically exploit host factors to foster disease progression and create a local immunosuppressive network.
Immunotoxicology is the study of harmful effects on the system that results directly or indirectly from occupational, environmental or therapeutic exposure to chemicals, biologic materials and, in certain instances, physiological factors, as a whole referred to as agents. It encloses studies of altered immunologic events associated with exposure of humans and wildlife species, including immune regulation (suppression or enhancement), allergy and autoimmunity. In the former case, the systemic or local immune system acts as a passive target for the agent, and the result may be an increase in the severity of infectious disease or neoplasia. In allergy, the immune system responds to hapten–host protein conjugates or high molecular weight compounds. The most likely health consequences include respiratory tract allergies like asthma, rhinitis or allergic contact dermatitis. Autoimmunity may occur as a result of an agent-induced alteration in host tissue. The recent studies in immunotoxicology involve investigations in the inflammatory mediators, particularly cytokines and reactive oxygen species.
The body defense mechanism regularly exposed to a wide range of pathogens, organisms must elicit and regulate effective immune responses to protect their health while avoiding immunopathology. But, most of our knowledge about the functions of the immune system comes from laboratory studies performed on mice in extremely controlled environments with restricted exposure to infection. The goal of 'wild immunology' is to connect immune phenotype with the host fitness in natural environments. To achieve this, it requires relevant measures of immune responsiveness that are both applicable to the host-parasite interaction understudy and robustly associated with measures of host and parasite fitness.
Cardiovascular immunology is a medicine related to cardiac diseases, exploring the relation between the cardiovascular and the immune system. This relation is apparent through vital immunological limits and elements of cardiovascular cell types, with cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, pericytes and heart inhabitant macrophages, the effect of the variant immune function on the improvement of cardiovascular illness, for example, atherosclerosis, direct and indirect immune-mediated heart disease and vasculitis, and the critical role of the immune system in cardiac repair and regeneration.
Osteoimmunology is a relation between skeletal system and immune system where the immune cells responsible for growth of bones and skeletal system comprise of mechanisms between the two systems in vertebrates, including legends, receptors, signalling molecules and transcription factors. Osteoimmunology has been explored clinically for the treatment of bone metastases, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoporosis, and periodontitis. Researches in osteoimmunology disclose the interrelation between molecular communication between blood cells and structural pathologies within the body.
Immunohematology is a branch of hematology, which studies antigen-antibody reactions and similar phenomena and Characterization of blood disorders based on their pathogenicity and membrane-bound organelles of blood cells. Immunohematology includes blood typing, cross-matching and antibody identification. Immunohematology is the study of RBC antigens and antibodies related to blood transfusions. There are about 230 types of antigens present on the surface of RBCs that, based on their chemical structure and can be grouped into two major categories such as carbohydrates and polypeptides. The erythrocyte antigen formation is encrypted by specific genes inherited from parents and categorized in blood group systems.
Computational immunology is a branch of Bioinformatics which deals with sequence alignment and protein structure prediction tools. The Immune cell interactions and responses are converted to computational data where the analysis and recovery are done using mathematical and computational approaches and then convert these results into immunologically meaningful interpretations. This provides a better understanding of immune responses and their role during normal, diseased and reconstitution states. Computational immunology is a division of economics, which focuses on analyzing large scale experimental data.
A hypersensitive response to proteins found in a creature's skin cells, salivation or pee is veterinary sensitivity or Allergology. The pet hair, hide or proteins present in a pet's dander, skin chips, spit and pee can instigate unfavorably susceptible response or cause asthma manifestations in certain individuals. There are a few contextual analyses on pet sensitivities. Pet hypersensitivity is generally observed towards felines and canines as they are the most well-known pets around the world. Feline sensitivity immunotherapy is broadly utilized by feline darlings. A few cases have been seen where hypersensitivity responses are seen to venom, chomp and sting of creepy crawlies and furthermore to proteins found in creature items where the nourishment sensitivity comes into picture as well.
Innate immunity refers to the nonspecific defense mechanisms that come into action immediately or within a few hours of an antigen's appearance in the body. These mechanisms consist of physical barriers such as skin, chemicals in the blood, and immune system cells that fight against foreign cells in the body. The innate immune reaction is activated by the chemical properties of the antigen. Innate immunity happens because of the genetic factors; it is not influenced by infections or vaccinations, but it will scale back the work for the adaptive immune responses.
Adaptive immunity refers to antigen-specific immune response. The adaptive immune response is more extravagant than the innate system. At first, the antigen must be processed and recognized. Once an antigen has been recognized, the adaptive immune system will create an army of immune cells particularly designed to attack the antigen. Adaptive immunity also consists of "memory" that makes future responses against a specific antigen more efficient. The innate immune response is initiated by antigen's chemical properties. The adaptive immunityis started by exposure to pathogens and it will use an immunological memory to know about the threat and intensify the immune response accordingly. The adaptive immune result is much slower to respond to threats and infections than the innate immune response.
Plant medicine is the study of how plants defend their tissues from getting infected. Plants do not have an associate degree adaptive system, however, they have evolved innate immune mechanisms (including the resistance proteins) to sense and reply to infections. Relative to a prone plant, malady resistance will reduce the microorganism growth on or within the plant, whereas the term malady tolerance describes plants that exhibit very little infection despite substantial microorganism levels. Disease outcome is based on the interaction of the microorganism, the plant and therefore the environmental conditions which is known as the disease triangle.
The process of production and development of vaccines that incorporates biological agents that area unit almost like disease-causing microorganisms in weakened forms it means the pathogenicity is disintegrated from the microorganism vaccines a biological preparation that gives active resistance to a selected illness. A vaccine distinctively consists of an agent that look like a disease-causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbes, its toxins, or one of its surface proteins. The agent stimulates the body's system to acknowledge the agent as a threat, conclude it, and destroy the microorganisms related to that agent that it may encounter in the forthcoming. Vaccines can be prophylactic or relaxing. The management of vaccines is called vaccination. Vaccination is that the best technique of preventing infectious diseases widespread immunity because of vaccination is essentially in charge of the worldwide obliteration of variola and the restriction of diseases.
Immunomics is a branch of Bioinformatics which involves tools to visualize biological networks and infer interrelationships between genes and/or proteins with help of genomic and proteomic technologies to understand the immune system functions and their regulations. Traditionally, scientists examine the immune system had to search for the antigens on an individual basis and recognize the protein sequence of epitopes that would stimulate an immune response. This procedure needs the antigens to be isolated from whole cells, digested into smaller fragments and tested against T-cells and B-cells to know the responses of T- and B- cells. This approach could only visualize this system as a static condition and required a large amount of time and manpower. Immunomics has made it easier by its ability to look at the immune system as a whole and characterize it as a dynamic model. It was disclosed that some of the immune system's most distinguishing features are the continuous motility, turnover, and plasticity of its constituent cells.
Mucosal immunology is the study of immune system responses that happens in the mucosal membranes of the intestines, the urogenital tract and the respiratory system, that is the surfaces that are in relation with the external environment. In normal, the mucosal immune system will provide protection against pathogens. The mucosal membranes are the significant contact point between a host and its environment, a large amount of secondary lymphoid tissue is found here. The mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, or MALT, provides the organism with the first line of defense. Along with the spleen and lymph nodes, the tonsils and MALT are also known as the secondary lymphoid tissue. The mucosal immune system provides three main functions: serving as the body's first line defense from antigens and infection, preventing systemic immune responses to commensal bacteria and food antigens, and regulating appropriate immune responses to pathogens encountered on a daily basis.